Did the historical Buddha or the later sutra writers hit on any of the same concepts that Marx did in any substantive way?
To me, yes he did. Principles of Buddhism and Communism are defiantly compatible.
On what basis do I say this? - I have not gone through material originally written in Pali or Sanskrit or Tibetian etc. I have not studied "tripitak". I have tried to study "Dhammapad" but that too in Marathi (one of the local Indian languages) - a translated work. But I have read work on Buddhism and its philosophy, mesagge by others like P. Lakshumi Narsu, Dharmanand Kosambi, Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar, Sangharakshit etc.
Book by Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar is major source of my answer - Buddha and His Dhamma.Dr. Ambedkar was student of Buddhism. Dr. Ambedkar has written a separate book on the issue - Buddha and Karl Marx . If you are intereseted I can post the links here.
Note : I liked the question very much but I can not vote it as I have no enough reputation! :(