The Buddhist practice of calming the mind through practices such as mindfulness of breathing and other one pointed practice's. Contrast to Vipassana.
Samatha (Pāli), (Sanskrit: शमथ, śamatha[note 1] is the Buddhist practice (bhavana) of the calming of the mind (citta) and its 'formations' (sankhara). This is done by practicing single-pointed meditation most commonly through mindfulness of breathing. Samatha is common to all Buddhist traditions.
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