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The study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language. It can also be a theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behaviour.

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How does the buddhist teachings differentiate between reality and perception?

It is a topic expounded in: philosophical texts classifications and presentations of tenets (Tib. grub mtha') In several instances, "reality" refers to "ultimate truth". You will find it so meanin …
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2 votes

Candrakirti - what was his most important contribution?

There are different interpretations of Candrakirti, even among Madhyamika-Prasangika scholars. That said, Prasangika scholars generally hold that Buddhapālita (470 AD - 550 AD) gave the first Prasangi …
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2 votes

I am looking to learn about the philosophy of Tibetan Buddhism. Does anyone know the proper ...

The study material of the 'basic-program' provided by the FPMT covers a great deal, but (1) what it covers also depends on the teachings and commentaries you follow (2) and it is a specific traditions …
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1 vote

Do any of scholastic currents conclusively affirm or deny that there are any facts at all?

Since this question is epistemological, I will speak of knowers rather than objects of knowledge. The Mahayana abhidharma defines seven types of consciousnesses. Lati Rinpoche says: There are thr …
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Usefulness of Madhyamaka to personal practice?

Madhyamika posits that both persons and phenomena (i.e. phenomena other than persons) are empty of true existence. While traditional text do not mention the emptiness of chairs, table, etc. They do sa …
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3 votes

What is the role of thinking in Buddhism?

This is a question related to Lo-Rig, the study on valid cognition, 'epistemology'. An authoritative and simple text on the topic is Mind in Tibetan Buddhism, by Lati Rinpoche. To answer in a practic …
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2 votes

What exactly is svabhava?

Svabhāva stands for inherent existence. From an early Madhyamika viewpoint, there are two types of dependent-arising: Causal dependence Dependence on parts While impermanent phenomena depend on b …
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Does Nirvana have svabhava in Madhyamaka?

According to Madhyamika, whatever is dependent-arising is empty of svabhāva. As Nagarjuna says, the meaning of emptiness is dependent-arising; and dependent-arising is the meaning of emptiness. Each a …
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Reflexive awareness?

A relatively easy source on that is Unique Tenets of The Middle Way Consequence School, by Daniel Cozort. Better ones are Khedrup Je's Dose of Emptiness, and Shantideva's Bodhisattva Deeds. Vaïbashik …
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4 votes

Did Manjushri, Vajrassatva, Avalokiteshvara live?

Vajrasattva did not live in the sense you mean, because he is not a person, but he is an existent. I will explain further: The form body (Rupakaya), is divided in two: The emanation body (Nirmanaka …
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3 votes
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How are the importance of sutras determined?

In the Indo-Tibetan traditions, questions such as "what are the sutras of definite meaning? in what way are they different from sutras of interpretative, provisional meaning? what makes them sutras of …
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Schopenhauer’s inexplicable disturbance in the heavenly calm of Nirvana?

There is a similar question here: What is the starting of Samsara?. I would be surprised if there was any Buddhist reference supporting Schopenhauer's claim that "the world came into being as a resul …
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5 votes
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Do Cittamatra / Yogacara explicitly refute the existence of an external world?

Tibetan texts that belong to the genre of tenets (doctrinal classification) usually claim that the Cittamatra school refutes external existence. These texts further claim that Cittamatrin posit that ' …
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1 vote
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What is the substantial cause of an instance of consciousness?

In 'Buddhist Philosophy: Losang Gönchok’s Short Commentary to Jamyang Shayba’s Root Text on Tenets, by Daniel Cozort and Craig Preston, Jamyang Shayba says: Because of being a mind, it is established …
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3 votes
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What is a phenomenological perspective?

Generally, "a phenomenological perspective" refers to phenomenology as expounded by Husserl, and so forth. It is a way of speaking that is typical of contemporary students. It refers to a perspective …
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