I am not an expert in meditation, and you may be more experienced than me. But I will quote from other sources.
The Yuganaddha Sutta states that insight and tranquility can be developed in any order. So, you should not feel guilty about whichever method that you may choose to practise.
"There is the case where a monk has developed insight preceded by
tranquillity. As he develops insight preceded by tranquillity, the
path is born. .....
"Then there is the case where a monk has developed tranquillity
preceded by insight. As he develops tranquillity preceded by insight,
the path is born. .....
"Then there is the case where a monk has developed tranquillity in
tandem with insight. As he develops tranquillity in tandem with
insight, the path is born. He follows that path, develops it, pursues
it. As he follows the path, developing it & pursuing it — his fetters
are abandoned, his obsessions destroyed.
From your description, your problem is mainly increased mood swings, anger and depression when you're not meditating. For this, insight meditation could be helpful.
Ven. Yuttadhammo writes in this chapter entitled "Daily Life" of his booklet How To Meditate (which in my opinion is primarily based on insight meditation):
Further, one can apply the same technique to any small movement of the
body – for instance when bending or stretching the limbs, one can note
“bending” or “stretching”. When moving the limbs, “moving”. When
turning, “turning”, and so on. Every activity can become a meditation
practice in this way; when brushing one’s teeth, “brushing”; when
chewing or swallowing food, “chewing, chewing”, “swallowing,
swallowing” and so on.
When cooking, cleaning, exercising, showering, changing clothes, even
on the toilet, one can be mindful of the movements of the body
involved, creating clear awareness of reality at all times. This is
the first method by which one can and should incorporate the
meditation practice directly into ordinary life.
The second method is the acknowledgement of the senses – seeing,
hearing, smelling, tasting and feeling. Ordinary sensory experience
tends to give rise to either liking or disliking; it therefore becomes
a cause for addiction or aversion and ultimately suffering when it is
not in line with one’s partialities. In order to keep the mind clear
and impartial, one should always try to create clear awareness at the
moment of sensory experience, rather than allowing the mind to judge
the experience according to its habitual tendencies. When seeing,
therefore, one should know it simply as seeing, reminding oneself
“seeing, seeing”. ....
Practicing in this way, one will be able to receive the full spectrum
of experience without compartmentalizing reality into categories of
“good”, “bad”, “me”, “mine”, “us”, “them”, and so on. As a result,
true peace, happiness and freedom from suffering is possible at all
times, in all situations. Once one understands the true nature of
reality, the mind will cease to react to the objects of the sense as
other than what they truly are and be free from all addiction and
aversion, just as a flying bird is free from any need for a perch on
which to cling.
This then is a basic guide to practice meditation in daily life,
incorporating the meditation practice directly into one’s life even
when not formally meditating. Beyond these two methods, one can also
apply any of the objects discussed in the first chapter – pain,
thoughts, or the emotions.
In this TED Talk video, Prof. Zindel Segal shows how mindfulness and insight meditation techniques were adapted to Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) to prevent recurrence of depression and chronic unhappiness. He shows some research evidence including MRI scans of patients who have become more disengaged from the triggers that make them depressed.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is designed to help people
who suffer repeated bouts of depression and chronic unhappiness. It
combines the ideas of cognitive therapy with meditative practices and
attitudes based on the cultivation of mindfulness. The heart of this
work lies in becoming acquainted with the modes of mind that often
characterize mood disorders while simultaneously learning to develop a
new relationship to them. MBCT was developed by Zindel Segal, Mark
Williams and John Teasdale, based on Jon Kabat-Zinn’s
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program.
Please also see this answer and this question.