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Noble Eightfold Path

The Fourth Noble Truth is 'The Path' (Magga) leading to the cessation of Dukkha (defined in the First Noble Truth as basically anything conditioned or in other words part of dualism; things that are not everlasting)

See other answers that already list the eight divisions/categories.

Five Hinderances

Five Hinderances

Noble Eightfold Path

The Fourth Noble Truth is 'The Path' (Magga) leading to the cessation of Dukkha (defined in the First Noble Truth as basically anything conditioned or in other words part of dualism; things that are not everlasting)

See other answers that already list the eight divisions/categories.

Five Hinderances

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Excerpt about the feeling 'I AM'

It is the vague feeling 'I AM' that creates the idea of self which has no corresponding reality, and to see this truth is to realize Nirvāna, which is not very easy. In the Samyutta-nikāya there is an enlightening conversation on this point between a bhikkhu named Khemaka and a group of bhikkhus.

These bhikkhus ask Khemaka whether he sees in the Five Aggregates any self or anything pertaining to a self. Khemaka relies 'No'. Then the bhikkhus say that, if so, he should be an Arahant free from all impurities. But Khemaka confesses that though he does not find in the Five Aggregates a self, or anything pertaining to self, 'I am not an Arahant free from all impurities.' O friends, with regard to the Five Aggregates of Attachment, I have a feeling "I AM", but I do not clearly see "This is I AM".' Then Khemaka explains that what he calls 'I AM' is neither matter, sensation, perception, mental formations, nor consciousness, nor anything without them. But he has the feeling 'I AM' with regard to the Five Aggregates, though he could not see clearly 'This is I AM'.

He says it is like the smell of a flower: it is neither the smell of the petals, nor the color, not of the pollen, but the smell of the flower. Khemata further explains that even a person who has attained the early stages of realization still retains this feeling 'I AM'. But later on, when he progresses further, this feeling of 'I AM' altogether disappears, just as the chemical smell of a freshly washed cloth disappears after a time when it is kept in a box.

This discussion was so useful and enlightening to them that at the end of it, the text says, all of them, including Khemata himself, became Arahants free from all impurities, thus finally getting rid of 'I AM'.

Excerpt about the feeling 'I AM'

It is the vague feeling 'I AM' that creates the idea of self which has no corresponding reality, and to see this truth is to realize Nirvāna, which is not very easy. In the Samyutta-nikāya there is an enlightening conversation on this point between a bhikkhu named Khemaka and a group of bhikkhus.

These bhikkhus ask Khemaka whether he sees in the Five Aggregates any self or anything pertaining to a self. Khemaka relies 'No'. Then the bhikkhus say that, if so, he should be an Arahant free from all impurities. But Khemaka confesses that though he does not find in the Five Aggregates a self, or anything pertaining to self, 'I am not an Arahant free from all impurities.' O friends, with regard to the Five Aggregates of Attachment, I have a feeling "I AM", but I do not clearly see "This is I AM".' Then Khemaka explains that what he calls 'I AM' is neither matter, sensation, perception, mental formations, nor consciousness, nor anything without them. But he has the feeling 'I AM' with regard to the Five Aggregates, though he could not see clearly 'This is I AM'.

He says it is like the smell of a flower: it is neither the smell of the petals, nor the color, not of the pollen, but the smell of the flower. Khemata further explains that even a person who has attained the early stages of realization still retains this feeling 'I AM'. But later on, when he progresses further, this feeling of 'I AM' altogether disappears, just as the chemical smell of a freshly washed cloth disappears after a time when it is kept in a box.

This discussion was so useful and enlightening to them that at the end of it, the text says, all of them, including Khemata himself, became Arahants free from all impurities, thus finally getting rid of 'I AM'.

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I am reading a book called What the Buddha Taught by Dr. Walpola Sri Rahula.

Five Hinderances

Ponder these.

  1. lustful desires (kāmacchanda)
  2. ill-will, hatred, or anger (vyāpāda)
  3. torpor and languor (thīna-middha)
  4. restlessness and worry (uddhacca-kukkucca)
  5. sceptical doubts (vicikicchā)

Seven Factors of Enlightenment

Meditate on these.

  1. Mindfulness (sati) i.e. to be aware and mindful in all activities and movements both physical and mental.
  2. Investigation and research into the various problems of doctrine (dhamma-vicaya). Included here are all our religious, ethical, and philosophical studies, reading, researches, discussions, conversations, even attending lectures relating to such doctrinal subjects.
  3. Energy (viriya), to work with determination till the end.
  4. Joy (pīti), the quality quite contrary to the pessimistic, gloomy, or melancholic attitude of mind.
  5. Relaxation (passaddhi) of both body and mind. One should not be stiff physically or mentally.
  6. Concentration (samādhi).
  7. Equanimity (upekkhā) i.e. to be able to face life in all its vicissitudes with calm of mind, tranquillity, without disturbance.

To cultivate these qualities the most essential thing is a genuine wish, will, or inclination. [...] One may also meditate on such subjects as the Five Aggregates investigating the question "What is being?" or "What is it that is called I?", or on the Four Noble Truths. Study and investigation of those subjects constitute this fourth form of meditation, which leads to the realization of Ultimate Truth.